Voice Change - Active Voice to Passive Voice and Vice versa
Rule: সাহায্যকারী Verb বিহীন Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম
Active: Subject + Verb + Object
Passive: Object টি Subject হয় + am/is/are/was/were + V3 + by + Subject টি Object হয়
Examples:
Active: BBC Broadcast the breaking news.
Passive: The Breaking news is broadcast by BBC.
Active: I have a cat.
Passive: A cat is had by me.
Active: We don't like Idle people.
Passive: Idle people are not liked by us.
Rule: am/is/are/was/were + V1 + ing + Object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + am/is/are/was/were + v1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object এর Subject form + am/is/are/was/were + being + V3 + Subject এর Object form
Examples:
Active: Mukti s writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Mukti.
Active: A cat was stalking a bird in my garden.
Passive:A bird was being stalked by a cat in my garden.
Active: The manager is signing the cheques.
Passive: The cheques are being signed by the manager.
Active: They were flying kites.
Passive:Kites were being flown by them.
Rule: have/has/had + V3 যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + have/has/had + V3 + Object
Passive: Object এর Subject form + have/has/had + been + V3 + Subject এর Object form
Examples:
Active: I had written the letter.
Passive: The letter had been written by me.
Active: Chapal has made tea.
Passive: Tea has been made by Chapal.
Active: A storm has uprooted the tree.
Passive: The tree has been uprooted by a storm.
Active: He has pulled down the curtain.
Passive: The curtain has been pulled down by him.
Rule: have/has/had + been + V1 + ing + object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + have/has/had + been + Verb এর Present Participle form (V1 + ing) + Object
Passive: Object এর Subject form + have/has/had + been being + V3 + by + Subject এর Object form.
Examples:
Active: I had been doing the work for five days.
Passive: The work had been being done by me for five days.
Rule: shall/will + V1 (base form) যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + Shall/will + V1 + Object
Passive: Object এর Subject form + shall/will + be + V3 + by + Subject এর Object form
Examples:
Active: I shall do the work.
Passive: The work shall be done by me.
Active: I shall help you.
Passive: you shall be helped by me.
Rule: shall/will + be + (V1 + ing) যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + shall/will + be + V1 + ing + Object
Passive: Object এর Subject form + shall/will + be + being + V3 + by + Subject এর Object form
Examples:
Active: I shall be teaching him.
Passive: He shall be being taught by us.
Active: We shall be taking tea.
Passive: Tea shall be being taken by us.
Rule: Reflexive Pronoun যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + Verb + Reflexive Object
Passive: Subject + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb + V3 + by + Reflexive Object
Examples:
Active: He killed himself.
Passive: He was killed by himself.
Active: Lila fans herself.
Passive: Lila is fanned by herself.
Rule: Reciprocal Pronoun যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + Verb + Reciprocal Pronoun
Passive: Subject + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb + V3 + by + Reciprocal Pronoun
Examples:
Active: They love each other.
Passive: They are loved by each other.
Active: They married each other.
Passive: They were married by each other.
Rule: Double object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম
Active: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object (ব্যক্তিবাচক) + Direct Object (বস্তুবাচক)
Passive-1: Direct Object এর Subject form + Aux. verb + V3 + Indirect object + by + Subject এর Object form
Passive-2: Direct Object এর Subject form + Aux. verb + V3 + to (কে বা নিকটে বুঝালে) + Indirect object + by + Subject এর Object form
Passive-3: Direct Object এর Subject form + Aux. verb + V3 + for (জন্য বুঝালে) + Indirect object + by + Subject এর Object form
Passive-4: Indirect Object + Aux. Verb + V3 + Direct Object + by + Subject এর Object form
Examples: He has given me a book.
Passive: A book has been given to me by him.
Active: He gave me a pen.
Passive: A pen was given to me by him.
Active: The cow gives us milk.
Passive: Milk is given to us by the cow.
Active: He made us work.
Passive: Work was made by him for us.
Rule: Passive এর ক্ষেত্রে সব সময় by বসে না, বরং by এর পরিবর্তে অন্যান্য preposition যেমন to, at, with, in ইত্যাদি বসতে পারে। Annoy, Charm, Displease, Dissatisfy, Marvel, Please, Shock, Stun, Surprise, Vex ইত্যাদি Verb এর Past Participle এর পরে ব্যক্তি (person) থাকলে with বসে এবং আচরণ (Conduct), কর্ম, গুণ বা কোনো বিষয়, ঘটনা থাকলে at বসে। তবে, প্রশ্নপত্রে আচরণ /কর্মের ক্ষেত্রে at না থাকলে with নিতে হবে।
Examples:
Active: He annoyed me.
Passive: I was annoyed with him.
Active: His conduct annoyed me.
Passive: I was annoyed at his conduct.
Active: He pleases us.
Passive: We are pleased with him.
Active: His behaviour surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at his behaviour.
Active: The boy pleased us.
Passive:We were pleased with the boy.
Active: Her beauty charmed me.
Passive: I was charmed at her beauty.
Rule: Passive Voice এ Cover, Cram, Decorate, Ornament, crowd, Fill, Throng, Seize ইত্যাদি Verb এর Past Participle এর পরে by এর পরিবর্তে with বসে।
Examples:
Active: Paint cover the lock.
Passive: The lock was covered by paint.
Active: Panic seized me.
Passive: I was seized with panic.
Active: Smoke fills the room.
Passive: The room is filled with smoke.
Rule: Passive Voice এ Contain, Embody, Include, Subsume ইত্যাদি Verb এর Past Participle এর পরে by এর পরিবর্তে in বসে।
Examples:
Active: My teacher embodies all the good qualities.
Passive: All the good qualities are embodied in my teacher.
Rule: Passive voice এ Known এর পরে সাধারণত to বসে এবং Worried এর পরে about বসে। তবে স্বকীয়তা বা আত্ম প্রকাশ বুঝাতে known এর পরে by বসে।
Examples:
Active: Do you know them?
Passive: Are they known to you?
Active: His behaviour worried us.
Passive: We were worried about his behaviour.
Rule: Active Voice এর Verb টি Group Verb হলে তার সাথে সংযুক্ত Preposition টি Passive Voice এ সর্বদাই Past Partciple এর সাথে বসে।
Examples:
Active: Take care of your health.
Passive: Let your health be taken care of.
Active: He laughed at me.
Passive: I was laughed at by him.
Active: All of his friends laughed at him.
Passive: He was laughed at by all of his friends.
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