Important Vocabularies from Oxford Learner's Dictionary

Since its inception in the mid-1970s,(geneticengineering) technology has driven much of the fundamental research and practical development of novel drug molecules and proteins. rDNA technology provides the ability to isolategenetic material from any source and insert it into cells (plant. fungal. bacterial, animal) and even live animals andplants, where it is expressed as part of the receiving organ-ism's genome. Before discussing techniques of genetic engi-neering. a review of some of the basics of cellular nucleic acid and protein chemistry is Most of the components that contribute to cellular homeo-stasis are proteins—so much so that more than half of thedry weight of a cell is protein. Histones. cellular enzymes,membrane transport systems, and immunoglobulins are justa few examples of the proteins that carry out the biologicalfunctions of a living human cell. Proteins are hydrated three-dimensional structures, but at their most basic level, theyare composed of linear sequences of amino acids that fold tocreate the spatial characteristics of the protein. These linear